Sunday, December 16, 2012

Review of chapters 7-9


            The overall thing that struck me reading chapters 7-9 were the details of the immigrant experience in the United States. As someone who has been a resident of the states since my birth it is easy to fall into the trap of believing that society in America is static and that everyone’s experience is roughly universal. Reading through the experiences of the various immigrant groups I realize how varied the lives of differing ethnicities can be. I was also struck by how the various groups of people grouped together and created their own microcosms of their country of origin. I always assumed that people who immigrated to this country were forced to assimilate and become part of American society. While I still believe this to be the case it seems that the process takes much longer than I originally thought. I assume that the children of immigrants who grow up largely ignorant of their parent’s culture are more likely to see themselves as “native” Americans and adopt American culture. The parents of these first generation Americans are more likely to solidly identify with the culture of their home countries and as such look to recreate as much as their home country as possible. It is fascinating that the climate in America was such that immigrants had to band together in order to pool resources and compete with the other groups that were already here. This just further dispels the notion that America was a Nation predicated on diversity.
            The relationship and manner in which immigrants interacted was also interesting. Reading how Catholic Polish immigrants were in constant conflict with the Irish run American Catholic church went a long way in explaining the tensions that existed between the different ethnicities. Not even common religious beliefs were enough to cause members of different groups to work with each other. I wonder how different would things be if the various groups would have worked together instead of at cross purposes. Pooling their resources might have allowed immigrants to attain better paying wages faster than they were able to get on their own.
            I also found the idea that American History is that of westward expansion and fulfilling our country’s “manifest destiny” by expanding all the way into the Pacific Ocean. I had never truly contemplated the implications of this line of thinking. By making this assumption we all but forget the role that industrialized cities played in the development of the United States and the socialization of its people. The immigrants who moved into these cities played a major role in the development of the United States and ignoring their contributions are a mistake. I think it is important to recognize what people from all ethnicities bring to the history of America. By not doing so we marginalize the various people that help make America such a unique place to live.
            I do not understand the prejudice that Jewish people have faced throughout history. It seems like virtually every country at one point or another has decided to wage war on Jewish citizens for the simple fact that they belong to a certain ethnic group. The section on Eastern European Jewish migration to the United States is one of escaping from ethnic persecution. The journey they faced getting to the country was also interesting. For Russian Jews they were forced to flee through Germany, a country that was hostile towards Jews and did not want them to settle in their borders. However, Jewish immigrants made so much money for German sailors that the government relaxed their restrictions on letting Jewish people through the German borders. I actually thought this was somewhat humorous because the Germans greed outstripped their need to be racist. It makes me wonder how they deemed the Jews to be inferior or disharmonious to society even though they helped the German economy. This is one of the things I don’t understand about racism and the need to discriminate against a group of people. It seems as though racism never truly holds up to reality. Eventually, racism never lives up to the scrutiny of reason or light of reality.
            I was really interested in the means that Chinese Americans used in the nineteenth century to make it to America. Using a system of credit in order to obtain the money for passage is an interesting system I wish more was known about. I am extremely curious to know how the Chinese people who used this system managed to pay back their loans or what happened if they defaulted. What kind of collateral was used to ensure that the Chinese money-lenders would not lose out on their investments? Given the length of time the system was in existence it is obvious that a large percentage of people paid back their loans which makes me wonder how they earned such a large amount of money. The book states that Chinese immigrants would take a loan of 50 dollars and agree to pay back as much as 200 dollars to lenders. That is a staggering interest rate on the loan for people who could not afford to earn 50 dollars in their own country. Where the opportunities in America really that much more plentiful when compared to those in other countries? I also thought the skewed male to female ratio in Chinese immigrants was strange as well. How lonely were the Chinese males without the company or at least sight of women from their native land?

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